Query Builder

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Query Builder
Lumberjack has a built-in query builder which provides an expressive, fluent and explicit way of querying data in WordPress. It can be used instead of WP_Query to query posts (of any type) and means you do not have to worry about "the loop".
There are 2 ways in which you can use the query builder. Either on a Post Type:
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use App\PostTypes\Project;
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​
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$projects = Project::builder()
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    ->orderBy('date', 'asc')
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    ->get();
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Or by using the query builder directly:
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use App\PostTypes\Project;
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use App\PostTypes\CaseStudy;
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use Rareloop\Lumberjack\QueryBuilder;
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​
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$posts = (new QueryBuilder)->wherePostType([
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    Project::getPostType(),
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    CaseStudy::getPostType(),
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])
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->orderBy('date', 'asc')
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->get();
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Using the query builder on a Post Type
This is the most common way to use the query builder. You can start querying posts simply by using the Rareloop\Lumberjack\Post class. To start a query, use the builder() method.
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Post::builder();
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This creates an instance of Rareloop\Lumberjack\ScopedQueryBuilder. This class does a couple of important things:
Returns the correct post objects
When querying a post type, you will always get the same post object back in your results rather than WP_Post objects.
For example, if you have a custom post type called Employee, when you query employees you will always get Employee objects back as results. Lets see what this looks like:
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use App\PostTypes\Employee;
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​
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$employees = Employee::builder()->get();
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​
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dump($employees);
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​
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/*
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    Collection {
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        #items: array:2 [
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            0 => App\PostTypes\Employee,
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            1 => App\PostTypes\Employee,
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        ]
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    }
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*/
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The collection contains instances of the Employee class. This is extremely powerful as you now have access to all the behaviours that come with employees, as defined in your post type class. In this case, you may have a photoUrl() method on an Employee that knows (encapsulates) how to get the correct size image from the featured image:
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class Employee extends Post
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{
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    ...
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​
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    public function photoUrl() : string
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    {
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        $thumbnail = $this->thumbnail();
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​
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        if (empty($thumbnail)) {
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            return null;
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        }
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​
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        return $thumbnail->src('large');
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    }
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}
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And when iterating through your results, you can safely use this photoUrl() method:
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use App\PostTypes\Employee;
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​
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$employees = Employee::builder()->get();
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​
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$employee = $employees->first();
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​
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// This will echo out the featured image url if there is one
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echo $employee->photoUrl();
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All post types extend Timber's Post object, so you get access to all of their behaviour out of the box.
The example above is making use of Timber's thumbnail() method on a Post, and src() method on an Image.
If collections are new to you, be sure the check out the documentation on them:
Collections
Query scopes
Sometimes you will need to perform the same filter on a query in multiple places within your theme.
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// Get all featured posts, newest first
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$featuredPostIds = [1, 2];
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​
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$posts = Post::whereIdIn($featuredPostIds)
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->get();
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​
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...
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​
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// Get the latest 3 featured posts
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$featuredPostIds = [1, 2];
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​
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$posts = Post::whereIdIn($featuredPostIds)
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->limit(3)
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    ->get();
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In this example, we are scoping the query to only show featured images. However there's 2 issues with this:
1.We doing it twice, without reusing any code
2.It can be unclear as to what you are doing
Instead, We can encapsulate the knowledge about how to find featured posts by creating a query scope on our post type:
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namespace App\PostTypes;
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​
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use Rareloop\Lumberjack\Post as LumberjackPost;
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​
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class Post extends LumberjackPost
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{
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    ...
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​
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    public function scopeFeatured($query)
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    {
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        $featuredPostIds = [1, 2];
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​
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        return $query->whereIdIn($featuredPostIds);    
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    }
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}
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Now we have a query scope, we can refactor our previous queries, making them more declarative and easier to change:
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// Get all featured posts, newest first
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$posts = Post::featured()
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->get();
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​
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...
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​
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// Get the latest 3 featured posts
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$posts = Post::featured()
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->limit(3)
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    ->get();
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Query scopes must start with the word scope, and must follow with the name of the method you want available to the builder. The method should also be defined in CamelCase. For example:
scopeFoo() will allow you to call foo() on a query.
scopeFooBar() will allow you to call fooBar() on a query.
You can also pass through parameters into the query scope:
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namespace App\PostTypes;
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​
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use Rareloop\Lumberjack\Post as LumberjackPost;
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​
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class Post extends LumberjackPost
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{
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    ...
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​
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    public function scopeExclude($query, $postId)
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    {        
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        return $query->whereIdNotIn([$postId]);    
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    }
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}
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​
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...
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​
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// Get all featured posts, newest first, excluding post id 1
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$posts = Post::exclude(1)
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->get();
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Available methods
All the available methods can be chained, with the exclusion of getParameters and get.
​getParameters​
​wherePostType​
​whereIdIn​
​whereIdNotIn​
​whereStatus​
​whereMeta​
​whereMetaRelationshipIs​
​limit​
​offset​
​orderBy​
​get​
​first​
​as​
​clone​
getParameters
returns: array
Get the current state of the query builder, as an array. These parameters can be directly fed into WP_Query as arguments.
For example:
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$parameters = Post::builder()
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    ->limit(3)
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->getParameters();
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​
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// $parameters would look like this:
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// [
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//   "post_type" => "post"
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//   "posts_per_page" => 3
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//   "orderby" => "date"
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//   "order" => "DESC"
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// ]
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This can be useful if you need to add your own arguments that the query builder does not support.
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$parameters = Post::builder()
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    ->limit(3)
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    ->orderBy('date', 'desc')
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    ->getParameters();
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​
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$parameters['author_name'] = 'Adam';
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​
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$query = new WP_Query($parameters);
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Alternatively, you can add your own methods to the query builder using macros. See Extending the Query Builder.
wherePostType($postType)
Parameter
Type
Description
$postType
string | array
e.g. 'post', 'page'
Scope the query to a particular post type, or post types.
Populates post_type in WP_Query.
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// Single
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$query->wherePostType('page');
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​
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// Multiple
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$query->wherePostType (['page', 'jobs']):
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When using the query builder from a post type, the query is automatically scoped to the correct post type.
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// This automatically sets the post type on the query to the Job post type
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$jobs = Job::builder()->get();
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Reference: WP_Query - Type Parameters​
whereIdIn(array $ids)
Parameters
Type
Description
$ids
array
An array of post IDs
Scope the query to only look for specific post IDs.
Sets the post__in argument in WP_Query.
Reference: WP_Query - Post & Page Parameters​
whereIdNotIn(array $ids)
Parameters
Type
Description
$ids
array
An array of post IDs
Scope the query to exclude specific post IDs.
Sets the post__not_in argument in WP_Query.
Reference: WP_Query - Post & Page Parameters​
whereStatus()
This method can either take an array of statuses, or multiple parameters for each status:
Array of statuses:
Parameters
Type
Description
$statuses
array
An array of statuses. e.g. publish or draft
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$query->whereStatus(['publish', 'draft']);
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Multiple parameters:
Parameters
Type
Description
$status
string
A status. e.g. publish or draft
$status
string
A status. e.g. publish or draft
...
...
...
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$query->whereStatus('publish', 'draft');
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Scope the query to only include posts with the given status. By default WordPress will only look for published posts, so you only need to use this method if you need to get posts with other statuses.
Sets the post_status argument in WP_Query.
Reference: WP_Query - Status Parameters​
whereMeta($key, $value, $compare = '=', $type = null)
Parameters
Type
Description
$key
string
The meta key
$value
string
The meta value
$compare
string
Optional. Defaults to =
$type
string | null
Optional. Defaults to null. Pass in a value here to define the custom field type. e.g. numeric.
Scope posts that have the specified custom meta fields.
Adds an array of meta query arguments to the array of meta_query  arguments on WP_Query.
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'meta_query' => [
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    [
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        'key' => 'lead',
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        'value' => 'Lorem ipsum %',
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        'compare' = 'LIKE',
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    ]
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]
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Note: meta_query takes an array of meta query arguments arrays (it takes an array of arrays) 
The above example can be written like so:
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$query->whereMeta('lead', 'Lorem ipsum %', 'LIKE');
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You can also add multiple meta queries.
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$query->whereMeta('lead', 'Lorem ipsum %', 'LIKE')
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    ->whereMeta('price', [20, 100], 'BETWEEN', 'numeric');
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This will yield the following parameters:
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'meta_query' => [
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    [
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        'key' => 'lead',
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        'value' => 'Lorem ipsum %',
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        'compare' = 'LIKE',
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    ],
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    [
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        'key' => 'price',
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        'value' => [20, 100],
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        'compare' = 'BETWEEN',
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        'type' => 'numeric',
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    ]
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]
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Reference: WP_Query - Custom Field Parameters​
whereMetaRelationshipIs(string $relation)
Parameters
Type
Description
$relation
string
The type of relationship between meta queries.
​
Accepts and & or
Sets the relation field for your meta queries, for WP_Query.
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$query->whereMeta('lead', 'Lorem ipsum %', 'LIKE')
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    ->whereMeta('price', [20, 100], 'BETWEEN', 'numeric')
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    ->whereMetaRelationshipIs('or');
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This will yield the following parameters, adding the 'relation' => 'or' to the meta query.
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'meta_query' => [
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    'relation' => 'or',
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    [
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        'key' => 'lead',
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        'value' => 'Lorem ipsum %',
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        'compare' = 'LIKE',
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    ],
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    [
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        'key' => 'price',
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        'value' => [20, 100],
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        'compare' = 'BETWEEN',
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        'type' => 'numeric',
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    ]
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]
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Reference: WP_Query - Custom Field Parameters​
limit($limit)
Parameter
Type
Description
$limit
int
e.g. 25
Set the number of results to get back from the query.
Sets the posts_per_page argument in WP_Query.
Reference: WP_Query - Pagination Parameters​
offset($offset)
Parameter
Type
Description
$offset
int
e.g. 50
Set the number of results to displace or pass over.
Sets the offset argument in WP_Query.
Reference: WP_Query - Pagination Parameters​
orderBy($orderBy, $order = 'asc')
Parameter
Type
Description
$orderBy
string
e.g. 'menu_order'
$order
string
Optional. Defaults to 'asc' (ascending)
Sort retrieved posts by parameter, e.g. date, title, menu_order.
Sets the orderby and order arguments in WP_Query.
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$query->orderBy('title', 'asc');
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Reference: WP_Query - Order & Orderby Parameters​
orderByMeta($metaKey, $order = 'asc', $type = null)
Parameter
Type
Description
$metaKey
string
The meta key to order by
$order
string
Optional. Defaults to 'asc' (ascending)
$type
string
Optional. Defaults to null.
​
Sorting will be alphabetical for strings. When dealing with numbers, you can get some unexpected results (e.g. 1, 3, 34, 4, 56, 6, etc, rather than 1, 3, 4, 6, 34, 56 as you might naturally expect).
​
Pass in 'numeric' here if you plan on sorting numbers.
Sets the orderby argument for WP_Query to meta_value when ordering strings, and meta_value_num when ordering numbers.
Reference: WP_Query - Order & Orderby Parameters​
as($postClass)
Parameters
Type
Description
$postClass
string
The name of the post class that you want the results transformed to
When using WP_Query, you get an array of WP_Post objects back. The query builder will instead return an array of Rareloop\Lumberjack\Post objects back.
You can use this method to change what object is returned from the query builder.
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use App\PostTypes\Event;
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​
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// Get an array of Event objects back
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$query->wherePostType('event')
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    ->as(Event::class)
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    ->get();
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Note: When using the query builder on a post type, this conversion is done automatically. For example:
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// Get an array of Event object
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$events = Event::get();
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Reference: Timber - get_posts()​
get()
Execute the query and return a Collection of post objects.
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$posts = $query->whereMeta('price', 100, '>', 'numeric')
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    ->get();
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first()
Execute the query and return the first post object. Returns null if there are no results.
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$post = $query->whereMeta('price', 100, '>', 'numeric')
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    ->first();
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clone()
Duplicates a new instance of the query builder with all the current parameters. You can modify this query builder instance separately to the original.
This can be useful if you have similar queries with subtle differences, as it saves you duplicating the commonalities between them.
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$baseQuery = (new QueryBuilder)
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    ->wherePostType(Announcement::getPostType())
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    ->forCurrentUser(); // Some custom Query Scope, for example
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​
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$counts = [
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    'all' => $baseQuery->clone()->whereStatus('publish', 'draft', 'pending')->get()->count(),
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    'publish' => $baseQuery->clone()->whereStatus('publish')->get()->count(),
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    'draft' => $baseQuery->clone()->whereStatus('draft')->get()->count(),
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    'pending' => $baseQuery->clone()->whereStatus('pending')->get()->count(),
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];
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Extending the query builder
The Lumberjack QueryBuilder class can be extended with custom functionality at runtime (the class is "macroable"). The following example adds a search method to the QueryBuilder class that can be used to filter results based on a keyword search:
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use Rareloop\Lumberjack\QueryBuilder;
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​
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// Add custom function
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QueryBuilder::macro('search', function ($term) {
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    $this->params['s'] = $term;
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    return $this;
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});
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​
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QueryBuilder::macro('writtenByCurrentUser', function () {
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    $this->params['author'] = get_current_user_id();
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    return $this;
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});
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​
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// Use the functionality
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$posts = (new QueryBuilder())
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    ->search('Elephant');
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    ->writtenByCurrentUser()
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    ->get();
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// Or on a post type
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$posts = Post::builder()
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    ->search('Elephant')
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    ->writtenByCurrentUser()
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    ->get();
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Last modified 3yr ago